L4M3合格率 & L4M3試験勉強攻略

L4M3学習実践ガイドは、実際の試験を刺激する機能を強化します。クライアントは当社のソフトウェアを使用して、実際の試験を刺激し、実際のL4M3試験の速度、環境、プレッシャーに精通し、実際の試験の準備を整えることができます。仮想試験環境では、クライアントはL4M3の質問に答えるために速度を調整し、実際の戦闘能力を訓練し、実際のテストのプレッシャーに調整することができます。また、L4M3学習実践ガイドの習熟度を理解することもできます。

CIPS L4M3試験は、商業契約のスキルを開発したい調達とサプライチェーンマネジメントの専門家にとって理想的です。この資格は、この分野でキャリアを進めたい個人にとって重要なツールとなります。また、組織は、従業員が商業契約を効果的に管理するために必要な能力を備えていることを確認するためにもこの試験を利用できます。

CIPS L4M3（CIPS商業契約）認定試験は、商業契約の専門家として自己を確立するために、調達およびサプライチェーンの専門家に必要な資格です。この認定は、調達およびサプライチェーンの専門家向けの教育、トレーニング、および認定プログラムを提供する世界的な組織であるChartered Institute of Procurement and Supply（CIPS）が提供しています。

>> L4M3合格率 <<

CIPS L4M3試験勉強攻略、L4M3勉強時間

IT業種を選んだあなたは現状に自己満足することはきっとないですね。現在、どの業種の競争でも激しくなっていて、IT業種も例外ないですから、目標を立ったら勇気を持って目標を達成するために頑張るべきです。その中で、CIPSのL4M3試験に受かることも競争力があるモードです。この試験に合格したら、あなたのITキャリアには明るい未来があるようになります。あなたを助けるために、我々のIt-Passportsは真実かつ正確なトレーニング資料を提供します。It-Passportsを利用したら、あなたはきっと自分の理想を実現することができます。

CIPS L4M3（CIPS コマーシャル・コントラクティング）試験は、商業契約の調達およびサプライチェーンの専門家の知識とスキルを評価するために設計されたプロの認定試験です。この試験は、物品やサービスの調達、契約交渉、およびサプライヤーとの関係管理に携わる個人を対象として特別に設計されています。CIPS L4M3試験は、商業契約の重要な概念、原則、および実践に焦点を当て、調達プロセスの開始から終了まで包括的な概要を提供します。

CIPS Commercial Contracting 認定 L4M3 試験問題 (Q49-Q54):

質問 # 49
In common law, which of the following documents is legally binding without the need for consideration?

A. Blanket order
B. Hire purchase agreement
C. Deed
D. One-off contract

正解：C

解説：
In common law (the legal system in which most rules come from case law or precedents, such as UK, US, Australia, etc), the contract is legally binding if it has the following requirements:
- Offer
- Acceptance
- Certainty & Intention to Create Legal Relations
- Consideration & Promissory Estoppel
- Legal capacity
According to these rules, 'Blanket order', 'One-off purchase', and 'Hire purchase agreement' are contractually binding. One of the reason is that they have consideration.
However, there is a type of legal instruments that does not need consideration to be legally binding. They are called 'Deeds'. A deed (anciently "an evidence") is any legal instrument in writing which passes, affirms or confirms an interest, right, or property and that is signed, attested, delivered, and in some jurisdictions, sealed. It is commonly associated with transferring (conveyancing) title to property. At common law, to be valid and enforceable, a deed must meet several requirements:
- It must state on its face that it is a deed, using wording like "This Deed..." or "executed as a deed".
- It must indicate that the instrument itself conveys some privilege or thing to someone.
- The grantor must have the legal ability to grant the thing or privilege, and the grantee must have the legal capacity to receive it.
- It must be executed by the grantor in presence of the prescribed number of witnesses, known as instrumentary witnesses (this is known as being in solemn form).
- In some jurisdictions, a seal must be affixed to it. Originally, affixing seals made persons parties to the deed and signatures optional, but seals are now outdated in most jurisdictions, so the signatures of the grantor and witnesses are primary.
- It must be delivered to (delivery) and, in some jurisdictions, accepted by the grantee (acceptance).
Reference:
- Deed - Wikipedia
- Formation of the contract
- CIPS study guide page 40
LO 1, AC 1.2

質問 # 50
Social and environmental criteria are often incorporated into which of the following type of specification?

A. Design specification
B. Output specification
C. Conformance specification
D. Technical specification

正解：B

解説：
Developing and using generic specifications is as import in the sustainable procurement process as it is in the traditional procurement process. During this stage, human/labour rights and environmental performance criteria should be translated into specifications that meet specific requirements of the specified outcome, desired by the procurement action.
The specification stage is key to all types of contract. Building in environmental and social considerations at this early stage, provides a clear indication to suppliers that sustainability is important to the UN organization.
Consider available alternatives which are less environmentally and socially damaging. Consider all the phases of a product's life cycle (e.g. production, transportation, maintenance, disposal, etc) when determining its cost and environmental impact. Assess the overall environmental and social integrity of suppliers by looking at their policies and practices.
Specifications which are output-based rather than input-based can increase supplier innovation, reduce waste and minimise harmful social and environmental impacts.
Reference:
- Sustainable Procurement
- CIPS study guide page 95-99
LO 2, AC 2.1

質問 # 51
Which of the following are express terms?
Sale by description
Fitness for purpose
Passing of risk
Passing of title

A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 3 and 4 only
D. 2 and 4 only

正解：C

解説：
Express terms are those specifically stated and agreed upon in the contract. "Passing of risk" and "Passing of title" are typically included explicitly in contract terms, especially in contracts involving the sale of goods. In contrast, "Sale by description" and "Fitness for purpose" are usually implied terms under the Sale of Goods Act 1979, unless expressly stated.
Reference:
CIPS L4M3 Commercial Contracting Study Guide, Chapter 3, Section 3.1.1 - Express and implied terms in contracts.

質問 # 52
Which of the following are most likely to be liabilities of suppliers under a guarantee clause?(SelectAny Two)

A. Upgrading
B. Installation
C. Decommissioning
D. Replacement
E. TWO that apply
F. Repair

正解：D、F

解説：
A guarantee is an agreement given by a trader to a consumer, without any extra charge, to repair, replace or refund goods that do not meet the specifications set out in the guarantee. A guarantee is usually issued by the manufacturer of goods or by a trader that provides goods as part of a service - replacement windows, for instance. Generally, a guarantee provider undertakes to carry out free repairs, for a set period of time, for problems that can be attributed to manufacturing defects.
Reference:
- Guarantees and warranties
- CIPS study guide page 157-159
LO 3, AC 3.2

質問 # 53
If a false statement of material fact is made by one of the contracting parties, the misled party will have remedies for:

A. Indemnity
B. Misrepresentation
C. Recission
D. Damages

正解：B

解説：
A false statement that induces a party to enter a contract constitutes misrepresentation. This provides the misled party with remedies that may include rescission (cancellation of the contract) and, depending on the type of misrepresentation (fraudulent, negligent), possibly damages as well.
Reference:CIPS L4M3 Commercial Contracting Study Guide, Chapter 1, Section 1.3.1 - Misrepresentation and legal remedies.

質問 # 54
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L4M3試験勉強攻略: https://www.it-passports.com/L4M3.html